Prescription Drug Abuse: a Growing Epidemic in the United States

Prescription Drug Abuse: A Growing Epidemic in the United States Prescription drug abuse and related overdoses are a major public health issue that continues to grow each year. The National Institute on Drug Abuse explains prescription drug abuse as â€Å"the intentional use of a medication without a prescription. † (U. S. Health and Human Services, 2011) Since prescription drugs are legal and readily prescribed to alleviate pain and suffering, it poses a big challenge to control them. Many people, especially younger adults, feel that they are safer than illicit drugs because they can be found in their family medicine cabinet.Over the years, the number of people abusing these drugs has increased significantly. According to the Center of Disease Control (CDC), in 2007 there were â€Å"approximately 27,000 unintentional drug overdose deaths† in the United States. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012) The use of prescription drugs continues to be the number on e cause of these overdoses, more than heroin and cocaine combined. As part of the CDC’s study, they reported that over a ten-year period, between 1997 and 2007, the number of milligrams of prescription opioids prescribed per a person increased from 74 milligrams to 369 milligrams.In 2000, pharmacies dispensed 174-million opioid prescriptions and in 2009, it increased to 257 million prescriptions. These are both major contributors to prescription drug abuse and overdoses due to the fact that prescription drugs are so easily available. As a result of this study, the CDC has classified prescription drug abuse as an epidemic. (Executive Office of the President of the United States, 2011) Prescription drug abuse spans across a wide range of populations. The prevalence of prescription drug abuse is higher among men, individuals between the ages of 18-64, non-Hispanic whites, service members, and poor, rural populations.The highest rate of prescription drug abuse is by young adults between the ages of 18-25. (U. S. Health and Human Services, 2011)) Of the individuals who reported non-medical prescription drug abuse, 70 percent reported getting the prescription drugs from a friend or relative, 18 percent reported getting it from one doctor, and less than 5 percent reported buying it from a drug dealer or stranger. (Executive Office of the President of the United States, 2011) Younger adults are at higher risk for overdose because they have a higher tendency to mix prescription drugs with alcohol or other illicit drugs. Multiple studies have revealed associations between prescription drug abuse and higher rates of cigarette smoking, heavy episodic drinking, and marijuana, cocaine, and other illicit drug use among adolescents, young adults, and college students in the United States. † (U. S. Health and Human Services, 2011) This results in numerous emergency room visits for this particular population. Between 2004 and 2009, the number of emergency room visi ts related to non-medical use of prescription drugs nearly doubled. Executive Office of the President of the United States, 2011) Young adults are not the only population of prescription drug abusers that has continued to increase over the years. In 2008, the Department of Defense reported that one in nine active-duty service members reported prescription drug abuse. (Executive Office of the President of the United States, 2011) A study done by the Office of National Drug Control Policy found that â€Å"approximately two million adults age 50 and older used prescription-type drugs non-medically in the past year. (Executive Office of the President of the United States, 2011) As you can see, the prescription drug abuse problem is not limited to a specific population. It effects people throughout their lifetime. Newspaper Article A recent article in the Boston Globe called â€Å"Antidote offers addicts’ families sliver of comfort: Nasal spray credited with reversing more than 1,800 drug overdoses†, talked about the distribution of Naloxone in the community as a way to prevent an overdose. Naloxone is an opiate antidote that can be given to someone who you suspect has overdosed.It can be administered intranasally or by injection. Massachusetts is one of the few states that have implemented a Naloxone distribution program. Beginning in 2006, Massachusetts’s health officials have been distributing Naloxone to individuals who are most likely to witness an overdose such as outreach workers, homeless shelter employees, active drug users and family members. (Canaboy, 2013) The article goes on to talk about the effect the Naloxone programs have had in Massachusetts. In 2010, overdoses were responsible for 738 deaths in Massachusetts, which was twice the number of motor-vehicle deaths. Canaboy, 2013) Studies have showed that the Naloxone programs have had a positive effect in the communities where it is distributed. There were also positive results f ound in a study done in California by two agencies that implemented Overdose Prevention Programs using Naloxone. The rate of overdose deaths was reduced between 27 percent and 46 percent in the communities where Naloxone was distributed in 2009. (Canaboy, 2013) As shown by this article, drug overdoses continue to be a major public health issue in communities throughout Massachusetts.With the help of programs like the Naloxone discussed in this article, there is hope that health officials and communities can work together to fight against it using harm reduction programs in conjunction with other treatment programs. Healthy People 2020 One of the topics for Healthy People 2020 is substance abuse. The goal of this topic is to â€Å"reduce substance abuse to protect the health, safety, and quality of life for all, especially children. † (Healthy People 2020, 2012) Healthy People 2020 reported that 22 million Americans had drug or alcohol problems in 2005 and 95 percent of them w ere not even aware of their problem. Healthy People 2020, 2012) They also reported that 273,000 people who recognized they had a problem with drugs or alcohol were unsuccessful in obtaining treatment. It’s reasons like this that Healthy People 2020 felt that substance abuse was an important topic to focus on for the future. Under the substance abuse topic in Healthy People 2020 there are two specific objectives directly related to prescription drug use. They state the following: â€Å"objective SA-12 reduce drug-induced deaths† and â€Å"SA-19 reduce the past-year nonmedical use of prescription drugs. (Healthy People 2020, 2012) Both these objectives are directly related to the issues discussed in the Boston Globe article and other initiatives that the Federal Government has outlined as part of their plan. Nursing Diagnosis One of the NANDA diagnoses that relates to prescription drug abuse and overdoses is Ineffective Community Self-Health Management. Carpenito-Moyet describes this diagnosis as â€Å"a pattern in which the community experiences or is at high risk to experience difficulty integrating a program for prevention/treatment of illness and the sequelae of illness and reduction of risk situations. † (p. 28) This can be related to the Naloxone program discussed in the Boston Globe article and other treatment services in general. The article talks about how there are only a few states that have been willing to implement the Naloxone program. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) released a report on â€Å"Prescription Drug Overdoses – a U. S. Epidemic† which talked about the National agenda to combat prescription drug abuse. In the report, it talked about how the public health approach needs to include both secondary and tertiary prevention programs such as the Naloxone program discussed in the Boston Globe article. Executive Office of the President of the United States, 2011) There are current programs out there but in dividuals are not successful in accessing them for one reason or another. The CDC’s report discussed the need to remove barriers to make treatment programs more accessible in the communities. The report stated, â€Å"Office-based care can be less stigmatizing and more accessible to all patients, especially those residing in rural areas. † (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012) Another NANDA diagnosis that is related to prescription drug abuse and overdose is deficient knowledge.This is defined by Carpenito-Moyet as, â€Å"the state in which an individual or group experiences a deficiency in cognitive knowledge or psychomotor skills concerning the condition or treatment plan. † (p. 269) This is directly related to the prescription drug abuse and overdose problem in a number of ways. It applies to the individuals who are actively using drugs, the prescribers who are prescribing the drugs to individuals, and the community in general. The Office of Natio nal Drug Control Policy developed a plan to combat the prescription drug problem.In their report, Epidemic: Responding to America’s Prescription Drug Abuse Crisis, they developed four major areas of focus, the first being education. The report stated that â€Å"A crucial first step in tackling the problem of prescription drug abuse is to education parents, youth, and patients about the dangers of abusing prescription drugs while requiring prescribers to receive training in the safe and appropriate use of these drugs. † (Executive Office of the President of the United States, 2011)Educating individuals about the dangers of prescription drugs is just as important or even more important than illicit drugs. People feel that prescription drugs aren’t as bad because a doctor prescribes them. Education is also required for family members and community members to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of drug abuse or an overdose. The Boston Globe article talks abo ut how part of the Naloxone program is to educate whomever it is getting the Naloxone how to recognize an overdose. It’s important for them to know what signs to look for. ConclusionAs evidence by the Boston Globe article and multiple reports put out by the federal government and different state agencies, prescription drug abuse is a major public health issue that needs to be addressed. It needs to be addressed at all levels, starting with the federal government’s drug policies and working down to the individuals who are abusing drugs. The population of individuals abusing prescription drugs varies for different reasons. There needs to be more treatment and prevention programs available to the different populations that address the specific needs of each.There are current programs established, like the Naloxone, that are shown to work. We need to keep moving in the right direction to implement and grow these types of programs in order to succeed in reducing the prescri ption drug abuse problem in the United States. Works Cited Canaboy, C. (2013, March 2). Antidote offers addicts' families sliver of comfort: Nasal spray credited with reversing more than 1,800 drug overdoses. Boston Globe , p. A. 1. Carpenito-Moyet, L. (2008). Handbook of Nursing Diagnosis (12th ed. ).Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012, January 13). CDC Grand Rounds: Prescription Drug Overdoses — a U. S. Epidemic:. Retrieved March 3, 2013, from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www. cdc. gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6101a3. htm Executive Office of the President of the United States. (2011, April). Prescription Drug Abuse | The White House:. Retrieved March 3, 2013, from The White House: http://www. whitehouse. gov/ondcp/prescription-drug-abuse Healthy People 2020. 2012, September 6). Substance Abuse – Healthy People:. (U. S. Health and Human Services) Retrieved March 3, 2013, from Healthy P eople 2020: http://www. healthypeople. gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview. aspx? topicid=40 Lankenau, S. E. , Wagner, K. D. , Silva, K. , Kecojevic, A. , Iverson, E. , McNeely, M. , et al. (2012). Injection Drug Users Trained by Overdose Prevention Programs: Responses to Witnessed Overdoses. Journal of Community Health , 38, 133-141. Stanhope, RN, DSN, FAAN, M. , & Lancaster, RN, Ph. D, FAAN, J. (2012).Public Health Nursing: Population-Centered Health Care in the Community (8th ed. ). Maryland Heights, MS: Elsevier, Inc. U. S. Health and Human Services. (2011, December). Prescription Drug Abuse. Retrieved March 3, 2013, from National Institute on Drug Abuse: http://www. drugabuse. gov/publications/topics-in-brief/prescription-drug-abuse U. S. Health and Human Services. (2011, October). Prescription Drugs: Abuse and Addiction. Retrieved March 3, 2013, from National Institute of Health: http://www. drugabuse. gov/publications/research-reports/prescription-drugs

McDonald’s Company Essay

Today McDonald’s have more than 32,000 local restaurants serving and more than 60 million customers in 117 countries each days. McDonald operation begin in 1940 when Dick and Mac opened McDonald’s Bar-B-Que restaurant in San Bernardino, California. In 1948, Dick and Mac close the operation for the renovation and reopened after three month later with the most popular item. In 1954, Ray Kroc, as multimode, was attraction and operation and learnt that the McDonald brother had desired to franchise their operation. Besides that, McDonald also into international market and continue to expend around the globe. For the management of McDonald, the main aspect to entire the business are ethical, truthful, and dependable . McDonald was conduct by their Board of Director that insure their act in the best interest. Apart from that, takes a proactive approach to enforcing their global food service. For the Global Perspective, McDonald has developed a strategy for operating their fast food enterprise. First, McDonald is not rely merely on its brand success in Unite State. Second, McDonald should attune their brand and also understand what the local cultures and develop a strategy that suitable with the local customer base. Based on the past experience, the future of McDonald is looking bright. 2. WHAT TYPES OF MANAGERIAL LEVELS DO YOU THINK EXIST WITHIN THE McDONALD’S CORPORATION? HOW WOULD THESE LEVELS INTERACT TO ACCOMPLOSH THE GOALS OF THE ORGANISATION? The types of managerial levels that exist within the McDonald’s corporation are Board of Director. A Board of Director is the higher level in the business McDonald’s Corporation that elected by stockholders to represent their ownership interest. A role of Board of Director is to ensure all the business activity being run right and at the same time to ensure their business activity will archived their objective, mission, and vision. An objective is important to the business activity same like McDonald’s corporation because it guide marketing action and at the same time used to make sure how well plan is working along the business activity. There are many interact to accomplish the goals of the organization by the  levels. First, they must act in the best interests of, and fulfil their fiduciary obligations to, McDonald’s shareholders. It means that, McDonald Corporation needs make sure their profit increase by years to years with expand their business along the world to gain the trust of the shareholder to invest in the McDonald business activity. For example, Kroc was opened the first McDonald’s in Desplaines, lllinois and follow by international market on 1967 in Canada and Puerto Rico. Second, the main basic of business activity in McDonald’s is they must act honestly, fairly, ethically, and with integrity especially between the employees. So the level must avoid their self from bribery, carry out business with terrorist group, and received the laundering money. Third, conduct them in professional, courteous and respectful manner. For example, the Board of Director McDonald’s Corporation must have a good relationship between employees in the business activity where they come see the work done by their employee. Then, the level also must act in a method to increase and maintain the reputation of McDonald’s business activity where these level perform in an effectiveness and efficiency such as from the management process is planning, organization, leading, and controlling is using to achieve their goals. Besides that, a Board of Director must respect their confidentiality of information that related about the business activity except they get an authorized or legally required to disclose such information, because all the business activity have their own networking for the short and long period and plays as their secret of corporation to develop their business same like McDonald’s business activity. Finally, these levels mus t not use secret information about the company such as their planning, organizing, leading, and controlling for their personal advantage. 3 . HOW WILL McDONALD’S BE ABLE TO DEVELOP MANAGERIAL SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES NECESSARY TO CONTINUE THEIR SUCCESS IN THE FUTURE? Introduction The learning focus in McDonald’s management is on developing skills and competencies to deal with the trickiness of human behaviour and problem solving in organization. McDonald’s very famous among us because it known as popular fast food. Even though, it has achieved success around the globe, but not without overcoming a pair of challenges in its pursuit of the title â€Å"King of Fast Food†. So that skill is important to McDonald’s to translate knowledge into action that result in desired performance. Skill of management based on three categories and they are technical, human and conceptual for management success and their relative importance varies by level of managerial responsibility. Managerial skills A technical skill is the ability to use a special proficiency or expertise to perform particular tasks. For example, McDonald’s should knowing how to write a business plan, use statistics to analyze data from a market survey, prepare visual aids and deliver a persuasive oral presentation and find useful information on the internet. McDonald’s could not very merely on its brand success in the United States and simply run their international locations as they had in the US. They needed to attune their brand to the needs and wants of the local customers in each of the markets they are entered. McDonald’s also would need to understand the local cultures and develop a strategy that would match up with the expectations of the local customer base. For example, the first step McDonald’s to treading at Malaysia, marketers should be aware of the cultural and societal the resident. When they analysis, they know the majority of the resident in Malaysia is Islam so that they take the best way to make sure their objection will fulfil is they apply logo Halal to Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM) to certified their product. Now, they can carry on their legal business at the Malaysia. A human skill or interpersonal skills is the ability to work well in cooperation with other people. This is very important because they are demonstrated in the workplace as a capacity to communicate, to collaborate and network and to engage others through interpersonal relationships with a spirit of trust, enthusiasm, positive engagement and a capacity to understand or empathize with the feeling of others. Manager of McDonald’s should encouraged the good relationship among the employer and employee because it can gives many benefits to company. The one of the benefits is it can encouraged the brainstorming from each other. Employer should cannot critic idea and accept idea who can develop the  company. The secret of McDonald’s success is its willingness to innovate, even while striving to achieve consistency in the operation of its many outlets and tried to appeal to wider range of customer. A conceptual skill is the ability to think critically and analytically to diagnose and solve complex problems. The â€Å"critical thinking† is a diagnostic skill based on cognitive intelligence who means a competency to think systematically, identify causes and effects links and recognize patterns in events and data. The one of the challenges was faced by McDonald’s it was gathering flak from the environmentalists who decried all the litter and solid waste its restaurants generated each day. To counter some of the critism, McDonald’s partnered with the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) to explore new ways to make its operations more friendly to the environment. In addition, it is also pays off in the bottom line by reducing shipping costs for supplies as well a garbage removal fees. Even though they faced many challenges but they should think properly how to handle and solve their problems and it will makes their success in the future.

1) What Legislation Is in Place to Help You Administer Medication Safely? Give an Account of How This Affects Your Work.

Unit 616 Medication Questions 1) What legislation is in place to help you administer medication safely? Give an account of how this affects your work. The Medicines Act 1968 Regulates the supply and manufacture of medicines and defines the three categories of medicine: Prescription only, pharmacy medicines and general sales list. This affects my work in that it tells me which types of medicine I can simply pick up over the counter (for example, if someone I supported had a minor problem such as a cold, by consulting this legislation I would know which drugs I would be able to pick up without a prescription).It also categorises the medication which I currently administer and gives me an idea of how different types of medications are classified. For example, many times in the setting I work in, medication orders will be repeat prescriptions. For this, correct information must be supplied: name of service user, name and strength of medication and amount ordered sufficient for the time p eriod. The Misuse of Drugs Act 1972 Categorises banned substances into bands A, B, and C. This tells me that administering certain drugs would result in me breaking the law. It outlines what is legal to administer and what isn’t.Also this act outlines the legal requirement to store controlled drugs in locked cabinets and keep a record (controlled drugs register) of stock numbers, expiry dates etc. At our workplace we administer several controlled drugs such as diazepam, so this legislation affects me in the way that is outlines my legal responsibilities for storing and safely administering these drugs. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 This act informs me of mine and my employer’s duties at work and tells me what is required of my employer to ensure the working environment is safe. Care Standards Act 2000Establishes national minimum standards in order to meet the needs of the people we support. For example, some of the people we support like to administer their own me dication and all information regarding their medication must be available for them to access at any time. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 This act outlines the requirements of employers to protect their employees from the hazards of substances used in the workplace. Medication comes under this act and it outlines principles for recording, safekeeping, handling and disposal of medicines, all things we deal with on a regular basis.

Phishing computer crimes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Phishing computer crimes - Research Paper Example On the other hand the biggest pessimistic use of a computer is for crime purposes. As people make use of the computers they typically think that their activities are confidential and also their personal information are protected. For instance, web sites of business nature often gather details from many visitors; later on many web sites sell these personal details against the desires of the visitors (Turban, Rainer, & Potter, 2004; O'Leary & O'Leary, 2007). This is a kind of computer crime. There are many other kinds of a computer crime however this paper mainly focuses on phishing. In their book, (Laudon & Laudon 1999, p. 147) define â€Å"computer crime as the unlawful activities by making use of a computer or against a computer system. The Internet's user-friendliness and convenience have fashioned modern ways for computer crime, well-known forms of which is phishing.† Additionally, the computer crimes appear in a wide variety of ways and also cause a number of serious probl ems for different people. For instance, nowadays online frauds or frauds using the Internet are modern form of the online criminal activities in which an authorized person (normally acknowledged as a hacker) hacks some useful data and information and later on use it to conduct illegal and criminal tasks, such as cash related scandals. In this scenario, the basic intentions of criminals are to earn money, tease other or play games with others. In fact, the Internet is open for everyone which gives the opportunities to criminal people, to steal, new ways to steal them, and new techniques to harm others (Laudon & Laudon, 1999, p. 147). As discussed above, there are many kinds of a computer crime and criminals do it intentionally. For instance, sometimes a dissatisfied employee or terminated worker can be dangerous to an organization. In this scenario, these people want to damage business with their extensive criminal activities (Parker, 2002; O'Leary & O'Leary, 2007). Therefore, employ ers should properly scrutinize the background of persons being connected with critical computer related tasks. Some people falsify resume to get jobs. Also, the company should hire trustworthy personnel to minimize crimes related to computers (Parker, 2002; Worthington, 2003, pp. 621-623). In addition, Hacker and Cracker are most widely used terms in computer crimes. In this scenario, Hacker is an external person who can break through a computer system, typically with no illegal intention. On the other hand, a Cracker is a nasty hacker, who may perhaps produce a stern crisis for the organization (Turban, Rainer, & Potter, 2004). Moreover, Phishing is an emerging problem regarding online data security and information safety. There are a number of cases of identity theft and online frauds using Phishing and other hacking techniques. At the present, Phishing is normally carried out through E-mail or the instant messaging. In many cases its basic purpose is to direct online traffic to a particular website whose appearance or interface are approximately similar to the actual one. Even though server cannot differentiate between false and original web site so a hacker successfully passes through these security walls. Normally, Phishing techniques are aimed at making fool to the internet users, and making use of the attractive usability of present web expertise. In

Helen Keller Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Helen Keller - Research Paper Example Helen Keller’s writing is faultless; she has authored numerous articles, letters and books, yet manages to maintain the same endearing finesse in each one of them. Helen owed this literary prowess to her teacher, friend and confidant - Ann Sullivan; Sullivan’s fixation on non-erroneous writing laid the foundation for how Helen Keller wrote in the future (Goddy 22). One must realize that the beauty in language displayed in Keller’s work cannot be learnt as this is a gift of nature; however, having the right teacher can either stifle this gift or stimulate it. Fortunately, for Keller, she had the advantage of having an educator who understood the importance of furnishing one’s students with rich and sufficient literary content. Mastery in writing is not something that one learns in isolation; one requires frequent exposure to various stylistic forms, which can only come from reading good books. Miss Sullivan had excellent taste in literature; she wanted Keller to learn from the best of them thus explaining why she chose slightly mature books for Helen’s age. â€Å"Tales from Shakespeare† and â€Å"Montaigne† were just some of the several classics that formed part of Sullivan’s selections for her young protà ©gà ©. Ann Sullivan’s love and passion for proper English nourished Keller’s literary talent; if this enthusiasm were absent, it is likely that Keller would only have read juvenile literature. Her manner of expression may not have grown to professional levels, and she may not have been the great author that many now know and love. Perhaps Sullivan’s most profound influence in Helen’s life was during her seventh year when Keller discovered the joys of language. Ann found a way of getting through to Keller when no one else was able to do so; she used her background as a former visually-impaired person to teach Keller the marvels language. In fact, Helen often credits her discovery of the world

Unit Contribution Margin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit Contribution Margin - Essay Example At break-even point, the Cost-Volume-Profit analysis equation is reduced to: PX = xv + FC Where p is the price per unit, x is the number of units, v is the variable cost per unit, and total fixed cost is FC. Solving the equation for Break-even sales units Break-even Sales Units = x = FC à · ( p − v ) Since unit contribution margin (Unit CM) is equal to unit sale price (p) less unit variable cost (v) thus, Unit CM = p − v Hence, Break-even Sales Units = x = FC à · Unit CM Break-even Sales Dollars = Price per Unit Ãâ€" Break-even Sales Units ; or What is contribution margin ratio and when is it most useful? The contribution margin ratio is the measure of sales, facility returns or selling price that residues after all variable costs and variable costs have been enclosed. Contribution margin ratio= (Sales-variables) / sales Contribution margin ratio plays a key role in; †¢ Determining the profits that will rise from several sales levels †¢ Assessing the influenc e on earnings of changes in sales. In particular, it can be used to estimation the decline in profits if sales drop, and so is an standard tool in the making of budgets. How is the breakeven equation modified to take into account the sales required to earn a target profit?

Kola King Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Kola King Advertising - Essay Example This will help us get in touch with a wide variety of consumers, specifically the kids and young adults. Summer is a great time to enjoy the outdoors, spend time with the family, and enjoy cool, refreshing drinks. So why not enjoy the summer with us? With a dedicated team of trained professionals, the campaign will kick off on the first of June. All team members will be wearing T-shirts and caps featuring the unique King Kola logo and design. There will be numerous stalls and tables strategically designated around the metro area handing out King Kola brochures and pamphlets detailing product info and company history. There will be skilled team members at each place ready to answer consumer questions and concerns. One main location will be picked to hold regular weekend BBQ’s where people and families from all over will be able to enjoy the summer fun and get a taste of our new product, King Kola. Staff will be available handing out free samples of the product along with short surveys to gather consumer opinions and feedback. A local celebrity or spokesperson will be sponsored for the campaign and be fully trained about the product and its uniqueness. The celebrity will be present at the summer BBQ’s and share in with the consumers’ experience.

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

International Business - Essay Example These economic activities are vital since they (international trade) significantly lead to the increase in the growth of the gross domestic product (Elms, & Low 2013). This is the primary essential meaning of the GVC at the international and at the global levels. The report of this analysis concentrates on how individual countries benefit from the global value chains. The essay further investigates how the GVC affects the growth. In an essence, the provision of GVC within a country opens the ways of individual companies and organization to trade globally. This goes a long way in contributing to the creation of their value chains; it also gives them the opportunity to hire employees that are more competent. Iit further gives them an advantage of learning from other countries and organizations thereby developing a good culture that leads to individual prosperity and success of companies. Big companies operating under the GVC often have an advantage since they can easily get access to t he market thus having a big market share. This leads to bigger profit margins which allows them to higher technical employees, get access to modern technology, and gain competitive advantage. This is contrary to small countries and companies which survive in the Market. GVC is of little benefit since it exposes them to the competition from the companies that are already established (Gereffi, Humphrey, & Sturgeon 2005). The most competitive employees go to big companies, which are established to pay them (potential employees) as they want. There are various factors on which the dependence of the potential impact of the global value chain is inclined. First is the type and nature of the global value chain. A beneficial value chain is one which provides an opportunity from which countries and industries can learn. Without the provision of the capability of learning, the industries themselves will stagnate and never have the opportunity of advancing. The GVC should also be one, which is elastic; this is to say that the product of goods and services offered and provided by the company within a particular locality should provide opportunity of growth of other products. This gives the opportunity of industrial expansion for other industries and other businesses. According to the World Economic Forum (2013), industries in developed countries like Japan dealing with electronic equipments have had the potential of expansion to deal with other technological things. For instance, phone-manufacturing companies have often expanded to make computers and other visual and electronic devices. This is contrary to industries in other small countries which only specialize in the assembly of these machines. Their capabilities are confined to assembly and not in the manufacture of innovation of various technologies which can enable them to expand to other endeavours. The other factor is the type of business and the environmental factors in the host country and economy. It is importa nt to determine whether there is an environment friendly to industrial learning, and the skilful management of the firms. The firms must also be willing to invest in developing new skill by investing in the workforce (Koopman, Powers, Wang, & Wei 2011). This is done by continuous and ongoing trainings in a firm. It is also important to note that the benefit of the global value chain in a country is determined by whether local firms have the capability of competing in their local countries. Local competition is the stamina that can determine

Concert Report on Smokey Robinson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Concert Report on Smokey Robinson - Essay Example The NYCB Theater is among the top music theaters in New York City. Being among the most famous venues for music festivals in the country, the NYCB Theater was in a good position to host the Smokey Robinson’s concert in New York. Firstly, the theater is more spacious than most music theaters in the US. This indicates that the NYCB Theater was the only theater capable of hosting an event of such a caliber as the Smokey concert. Smokey Robinson has many fans from within New York City and other major cities across the country. The attendance at the theater clearly demonstrated how Smokey Robinson is popular among his followers. The attendance of his show proved that R&B music is still popular among American despite previous claims that R&B song are losing ground to other music genres such as hip hop. This is due to the number R&B stars that are currently switching to hip-hop and rock music. Major R&B singers such as Whitney Houston have redone some of their songs in hip-hop in ord er to incorporate the preferences of the American society. The concert proved to me that R&B music still has many fans within the country. Musial theater performance is not like any other performance. I had previously come across this fact through my studies on theater and performances. Unlike other theater performances, musical theater performance can be described as a two-way performance. This indicates that a successful performance will depend on the effort of the performer and the audience. A musician performing on stage requires the response of the audience in order to achieve successful delivery. This response will include appraisal by the crowd and positive response of the audience. A performer will also prefer an audience that joins him or her in the performance. This will involve situations where a musician allows the audience to sing certain segment of his song or dance rhythmically to his song. I had learnt the theoretical concept on the importance of a responsive audienc e but I had not had a real life experience of such scenarios. The concert therefore presented me with an opportunity to verify the importance of a responsive audience to a performance. During the performance, I also had the opportunity to verify the effect that the audience have on the artist. Robinson opened the concert with his hit song Miracle that got the whole auditorium into shouts and screams of joy. Everyone who present in the theatre wanted to be next to Robinson as possible. If it was also possible, some people could have joined the superstar on the stage. However, the theater was so fully packed with fans and therefore, joining him on the stage was not possible. During this time, I discovered that Smokey is not only a songwriter and a performer, but also has a good background on crowd psychology. Similarly, he was well versed with the fact that the success of performer depends on the attitude of the audience. Smokey therefore utilized the first minutes of his performance trying to get the audience into the same tempo as his ensemble. The performer also utilized these crucial moments trying to make the audience anxious about his performance and the expectations of the show. His hit song â€Å"Miracle† compensated his expectations for the performance. During the performance, I realized that this song has many fans and, it is among his most famous song from his last album. After singing the first few lines of the song

History Research paper- Primary source analysis comprasion Paper

History - Primary source analysis comprasion - Research Paper Example the witnesses who made John Adams to be successful in deposing most of them, and eventually defending the soldiers successfully (www.gilderlehrman.org, 2012). By early 1770, Boston had about 15’000 a person with about 4000 British soldiers and the tension was rising. On the evening of March 5th, crowds pelted stones at British soldiers which resulted to the firing at the crowds by the soldiers, killing five inhabitants of the city. The historic engraving by John Revere â€Å"The Bloody Massacre in King-Street,† was produced. This was one of the war propaganda tools at the time. It is however not an accurate representation of the events that actually happened. The engraving shows the soldiers lined up shooting into the crowd and a poem Revere may have actually written. Revere is said to have based his engraving on the actual work of Henry Pelham. The following is observed from the engraving. The British soldiers have lined up with one of them giving the orders to shoot. This suggested the British soldiers were the aggressors. The crowd is seen reacting to the aggression when in fact they are the one who had started the attack. The expression of the soldiers on their faces is sharp while that of the colonists is innocent. These made the British look mean and as if they were enjoying the violence. In another feature of the engraving is that the laborers were dressed decently elevating their stature and how they were perceived by the general population. This clearly shows the biasness of the engraving by leaning on the side of the colonists themselves and portraying the British soldiers in bad light. This bias is also represented by the illustration of the sky which seems to shed light on the atrocities being committed by the soldiers. The unreliability of the engraving is also seen in the Illustration of Crispus Attucks who was an African American but is seen as otherwise not African American. Painting further depiction of the weather conditions at the time of

Reality of Jesus and his mission as a liberator Essay

Reality of Jesus and his mission as a liberator - Essay Example At the same time, various theories trying to unravel the mystery of Christ mandate on earth as a liberator have emerged. One example of such theory is Christ-Mist Theory that was coined in 17th century after Jesus had walked in the rocky hills of Judea. In the theory, several atheists argue that there has never been any secular evidence to prove that Jesus really existed and had come to liberate mankind. As such, some of the atheists feel that the existence of Jesus and His mission on earth is a total myth. This justifies the fact that real there is controversy with both Christians and not-worthy religious leaders in the understanding of Jesus’, His existence, His teachings, His death and His resurrection. However, in view of how Martin and Malcolm had much in common despite them having had public differences, this paper thus explores Christian perception of Jesus as having existed and come to earth as a liberator of mankind with reference to the bible as the foundation of Chr istianity.Christian leaders believe that Jesus was sent to the Earth as a liberator. That is, His mission on Earth was to show people the way through which they could overcome their sins and imperfections. The bible confirms this and assets that â€Å"for God so loved the world that he gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish, but have everlasting life.† (John 3:16). The coming of Jesus was prophesized in several incidences in the Old Testament with about 300 prophecies in the Old Testament foretelling Jesus’ mission to the Earth. ... With such enormous evidence, Jesus and His mission on Earth can never be assumed to have been accidental. As a fulfillment of the Old Testament prophecies, Christians have found every bit of what was prophesized came true inclusive of His birth, His life free of sins, miracles He performed, His death and His resurrection. Despite the differences that might exist among various Christian religious beliefs, the bible offers an overall confirmation that Jesus was born in Bethlehem a neighboring city of Nazareth where his earthly parents, Mary and Joseph lived. Moreover, the conception of Jesus is believed to have been through the Holy Spirit and therefore, he was perceived to be holy (Mathew 1-2). Jesus was crucified and then buried in a grave that was borrowed. According to the scriptures, he was raised from the dead after three days. Consequently, the validity of Christianity entirely depends on the facts about the resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. Consideration of the validity of the resurrection Christians of all walks of life believe that Jesus, who might be varied on the basis of Christian religious belief is presently alive. There are many reasons why Christians believe that Jesus really existed and that all aspects that are talked about Him are really true. The fact that Jesus himself foresaw his death and his resurrection (Luke 18; 31-33), is one of the reasons that attributes to Christians’ belief in Jesus. Christians believe that Jesus resurrected as it had been foretold since the grave in which He was buried was found empty. However, certain not-worthy religious leaders claim that Jesus was only weakened and so there was no

Environmental Science Essay Example for Free

Environmental Science Essay Although attempting to subdivide existing farm plots and redistribute them may be considered suitable for the purposes of remediating food insecurity and rural poverty, there exists a significant amount of controversy over such a practice due to the issues such redistribution entail. For example, the redistribution of land would require that the distributing entity pick and choose claims and rights to land at their discretion, and such claims can range from historic, ancestral or even from â€Å"ownership of the till. † Land reform has met much resistance from even the most impoverished numbers of developing countries, and it would be difficult to attempt redistribution without shaking up the foundations of property rights. Farming co-ops provide a distinct advantage for farmers. First of all, they provide them the opportunity to act as a group, giving them a collective bargaining power that they do not possess as individuals and allows them to act in unison in seizing market opportunities while being able to manage risks together. In effect, they can leverage their interests better when united as a co-op and it is this asset that has brought success to the likes of the Ocean Spray Cranberry growers and the farmers of Sunkist. (Gable, 2006; Hieu, 2008) Opening up new land is perhaps the most rapidly actionable means of increasing the food supply for a growing population, but this also poses a liability with regards to environmental impact. The problem with agriculture, especially the large-scale grain-based industrial monoculture which has been developed to feed most of the world, is that it is largely unsustainable and has a detrimental effect on soil fertility. In the first half of the 20th century, a large portion of the American Midwest was reduced to desert due to aggressive expansion of the wheat growing agriculture. (Manning, 2004) As such, what is needed is not the expansion of the present industrial agriculture, but the development of techniques and technologies to improve farming so that yields are better, but without compromising sustainability. Pursuing job opportunities in the city is not entirely perfect, but it is a desirable direction towards the development of compact communities and urban density. When combined with practices such as permaculture, which is the development of perennial agricultural systems that resemble the systems found in natural ecology (Holmgren, 2003), compact communities effectively curtail many of the environmentally adverse effects of sprawl and the wastefulness of imposing distance between food production, residential zoning and urban sectors. (Sightline Institute, n. d. ) Ultimately, what is needed to address the needs of a growing population in the developing world is not the application of population control measures, or a voluntary call to asceticism, but the institution of developmental policies that recognize the needs and wants of human society on terms that are just to developing nations and corrective to developed ones. Alex Steffen (2006) notes that it is wrong to think we can talk developing nations out of pursuing their dreams, and deny them of the material luxury that citizens of developed nations take for granted. Therefore, what is necessary is bright green developmental policy, founded upon the idea that economic luxury continue without rendering the planet an uninhabitable wasteland. This would require cradle-to-cradle designs, closed-loop industrial systems and self-sustaining infrastructure, much of which is already possible today. The future is already here, it’s just not well distributed. REFERENCES Gable, C. (2006, October). â€Å"Fields of Power; Farming Co-Ops the Future of Biodiesel,† Organic Producer. Retrieved October 9, 2008 from: http://www. organicproducermag. com/index. cfm? fuseaction=feature. displayfeature_id=43 Hieu, T. (2008, July 27) â€Å"Farming co-ops may be answer to rural poverty. † Vietnam Business News. Retrieved October 9, 2008 from: http://www. vnbusinessnews. com/2008/07/farming-co-ops-may-be-answer-to-rural. html Manning, R. (2004) Against the Grain: How Agriculture Hijacked Civilization. New York, New York: North Point Press. Holmgren, D. (2003) Permaculture: Principles Pathways Beyond Sustainability. Hepburn Springs, Victoria, Australia: Holmgren Design Services. Sightline Institute. (n. d. ) â€Å"Build Complete, Compact Communities. † Sightline Institute. Retrieved October 8, 2008 from: http://www. sightline. org/research/sust_toolkit/fundamentals/great_places Steffen, A. (Ed. ) (2006) Worldchanging: A User’s Guide for the 21st Century. New York: Abrams, Inc.

Consumption and Customers in the Automobile Industry

Consumption and Customers in the Automobile Industry Yu Dai â€Å"I don’t need it but I want it, why shouldn’t I have it?† In the documentary No Impact Man, the heroine Michelle questioned her husband Colin who had proposed the environmental protection project. The question, simple while indeed stated with logical precision, involves significant issues. From the economic perspective, this situation is described as hovering between personal motivations and consumer values when making economic decisions. Personal motivations have been considered a driving force of consumption, whereas consumer values express motivational concerns according to the theory of basic human values (Schwartz, S. H., Bilsky, W.). In the end of the movie, Michelle cycled through Manhattan with her baby girl. She once could not understand why some people did not drive in New York City, but then she became one of them. It is customary to consider that â€Å"finding balance regard to values† implies compromise, in which personal desires are usu ally first sacrificed, as it did in the case of Michelle who gave up her car. Nevertheless, I argue that values can be useful in expediting technological progress and giving us guidance for consuming smarter rather than simply sacrificing motivations. The formation of consumer values cannot be divorced from the consumption behavior itself. The idea of consumption has a long history, even before the emergence of money, back to the barter system period. Consumerism in the contemporary sense, which was considered as the early immature consumer value, originated in late nineteenth century when the accomplishment of the Second Industrial Revolution further encouraged the economic development. People’s spending habits changed greatly during the past several centuries. Most economic developments in the last century have been achieved at the cost of environment, and after entering the new century, many attempts were made to change the situation. Automobile industry as one of the most representative examples shows the possibility that moral standard, as part of the consumer value, can stimulate the market to develop new technology through its influence on consumer demand and behaviors. Modern cars were invented based on the working steam-powered vehicle during the Industrial Revolution, and have become prevalent since the mass production of affordable cars by Ford Motor Company in early 1900s. The popularization of cars had made life more convenient, but meanwhile, plenty of problems arose owing to a lack of environmental consciousness in the early period. Along with the improvement of the consumer values, vehicle pollution has been a global concern with the coming of the twenty-first century. Although the inhabitants of the earth were fully aware of the importance of the environmental protection, it was still unrealistic to force them to give up owning cars in order to minimize the gas emissions and the use of petroleum resources. Therefore, there was an urgent demand for new types of cars which can be more ecofriendly. In the first decade of the new century, the design and manufacture of electric vehicles by Elon Musk is a milestone in the automobile history. Tesla Motors, the company with its incredible fully electric luxury sedan hit the wealthy who pursued fresh excitement and were willing to take responsibility for protecting the environment. The attractions of this fancy motorcar lie not only in its amazing acceleration or safety performance, but also in the use of clean energy to effectively avoid the emission of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. As Tesla Roadster was introduced as a better substitute of traditional cars to the market and consumers were naturally willing to replace the old one for the reduction of gas emission and the better protection of the environment, other companies saw the great opportunity as well and launched their new products one after another. Such positive consumer-driven cycle made energy-efficient and environmental-friendly automobiles a new trend of this cen tury. Different from what had happen to other markets, consumers didn’t simply cease their consumption in automobile to ease their concerns. Instead, they stimulate the market to update the products supplied by showing great demand for new types of cars out of concern for the environment, behind which is great influence from the consumer values. It finally offers them more choices, and thus they do not need to give up their motivations. The high price of Tesla Roadster may not be affordable to everyone, but other participants also showed their great efforts to make consumption both eco-friendly and satisfying. For those who already have cars, it seems impractical to buy a new one but reasonable to replace with another kind of fuel. Consumers highly demanded some improvements made in petroleum industry in order to reduce their guilty of polluting the environment. In this situation, the appearance of hybrid gasoline is well-founded. This new fuel reduces the pollution by adding ethanol into gasoline, which remains water after the combustion. With government support and the increasing demand, the production and use of ethanol fuel boomed in the past few years. And for those who want to buy new cars with budget constraint, the promotion of highly-efficiency and clean-fuel vehicles drop the price dramatically, and provide them with many choices as well. Consumer values often succeed in giving us suggestions about what we really need and demand for right things, in which bring such innovations that allow us to avoid struggling between conscience and desire. Besides automobile industry, there are many other businesses in which consumer values successfully make progress of technology to drive industrial development. In pharmaceutical industry, it has been a long history to use rare animals in medicine. The controversy of whether bear bile should be used as medicine has never stopped. Bear bile has been used as ingredients for its high medicinal value for thousands of years. However, the methods of bile extraction were very cruel which caused untold suffering to bears. Consumers expected the development of new drug which has the same effect but without hurting animals. Under this circumstance, after half-century study and experiment in medical circle, an artificially synthetic analogue of bear bile eventually were sold on the market and used widespread. It was another success that values guidance played its role rightly to promote the upgrade and update of commodities to conform customers’ demand. And there are numerous successful e xamples in every all walks of life. During the formation of consumer value in the past few centuries, a question has been frequently asked was in what way and how it guides our consumption behaviors. I would like to point out that consumer value as an invisible ideology often makes indirectly effect on buying habits. It exerts an imperceptible influence on consumer demand, and eventually promotes the market to supply better products with advanced technologies which allowed consumers easily to make right decisions.

Interactions of TiO2 Nanoparticles With Carotenoids

Interactions of TiO2 Nanoparticles With Carotenoids Role of TiO2 semiconductor nanoparticles on photodegradation of carotenoids: stability of carotenoids in solution. D.D.D.H Alwis, U.G. Chandrika, P.M. Jayaweera Abstract: Introduction Carotenoid (Car) molecules as a sensitizer in Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) with optimum photo conversion efficiency have recently been widely investigated by several researchers1-3. Car are one of the most widespread naturally occurring pigments which are of great interest due to their biological functions in living organisms4. The most striking feature of the long chain car molecules is absorbing visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum, and therefore act as light harvesting pigments in green plants. The optical absorption of car molecules is occurred in the range of 400 nm to 550 nm with a very high molar absorptivity coefficient. Besides their light harvesting and photo-protecting actions in plants, they play major roles as good antioxidants on preventing degenerative diseases and some of them are important dietary source of vitamin A. Light harvesting ability of car is responsible for their attractive colours and which is associated with the long conjugated double bond system, composed of light absorbing chromophore5. Although the all-trans configuration of car is most stable in nature, several of mono-cis and di-cis isomers are possible during photodegradation of car. Cis-trans geometrical isomerization of double bonds in chromophore may cause the loss in colour of car molecules as well as appearing a cis peak in UV-region (Amaya et al. 2001). This colour loss may imparts the structural variations to the dye molecule and hence the performance of DSSC. Light Irradiation of car molecules is studied by several researchers6-8 and the photocatalyzed degradation of car on semiconductors such as TiO2, CdS and ZnO are studied by (kispert et al. 1998), he revealed that a rapid photodegradation of car are occurred in the presence of the semiconductors. Recently the application of wide band gap semiconductors mainly TiO2 are greatly under investigations for Photovoltaic (PV) solar cells over the last few years. TiO2 plays a major role in development of higher conversion efficiency solar cells that is because due to its good photoactive properties9,10, as well as its biological and chemical inertness for more suitability for many environmental applications. PV solar cells provide an attractive alternative to high cost energy sources for harnessing and converting free, unlimited solar energy into clean electricity10-12. However the expensive raw materials and high manufacturing cost for silicon and Ru-based solar cells have led to develop viable alternative for sensitizers in solar cells with new molecular materials using naturally occurring plant materials. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) assembled by natural dyes extracted from plant materials as a sensitizer have made considerable attention due to their low cost and environmental friendliness13. DSSC composed of nanostructured, mesoporous, wide-bandgap semiconductor to which the dye molecules (sensitizers) are adsorbed, a counter electrode and an electrolyte. In DSSC the dye molecule absorb visible light, and inject electron from photo-excited state of dye molecule to conduction band of semiconductor.12,14 The performance of a dye-sensitized solar cell is mainly based on the structure of the visible light absorbing dye/ sensitizer. Several researches were focused to enhance the conversion efficiency of solar cells by improving the photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized semiconductor solar cells15,16. Recently (Polivka et al. 2002) studied the dynamics of photoinduced electron transfer and recombination between car and a TiO2 nanoparticle by means of transient absorption spectroscopy6. On the other hand utilization of several natural dyes extracted from natural plant sources as sensitizers have been reported by several workers14,17. Besides that the interactions of human serum albumin, porphyrin and natural pigments with colloidal TiO2 were studied by several researchers18-21 with the use of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. However the photochemical behavior and the stability of car containing terminal carboxylic groups adsorb on to a surface of semiconductor in a solvent mixture has not been extensively investigated to our knowledge. The present study involves the use of mono and di-carboxylic carotenoids bixin and norbixin respectively to investigate the interactions of TiO2 nanoparticles with carotenoids extracted from annato (Bixa orellana) seeds. The chemical structures of bixin and norbixin are shown in Fig. 1. Here we irradiate the car solution in MeOH in the presence of spray coated and non-coated TiO2 semiconductor glass plate to investigate the photodegradation behavior of car. Further the effect of colloidal TiO2 on the fluorescence quenching of car was also studied to attain better understanding on the interception of the excited state of car on the TiO2 surface. UV-vis absorption and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra were also obtained to characterized the car dye adsorb semiconductors. 2. Experimental methods. 2.1 Sample preparation and materials Titanium (IV) 2-propoxide at 21 nm in diameter was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. All solvents were HPLC grade obtained from Aldrich. The outer coating of the Annatto seeds of the Bixa orellana tree (50 g) were removed by ultra sonication and washed with hexane to extract the bixin14, followed by solvent removal by rotary evaporation. The crude residue was washed with cold solvent, further purified and dried. Norbixin was extracted by adding aqueous alkali to one part of the bixin residue obtained previously then heated for hydrolysis, followed by cooling. An aqueous solution was filtered and acidified with 5 M HCl to precipitate norbixin, washed with cold hexane, purified and then dried to obtain solid norbixin22. All of the samples were N2 purged and stored at -20  °C. Compounds were characterized using UV-vis spectrophotometry and HPLC techniques. A HPLC series 1200 (Agilent, Waldbronn Germany) apparatus equipped with a multiwavelength/ photodiode array detectors was used for chromatographic analysis. The mobile phase consisting acetonitrile, methanol and ethyl acetate with 0.05% (v/v) triethylamine was used a t a flow rate 0.5 ml/min. 2.2 UV-vis, UV-vis DRS and fluorescence spectroscopy Electronic absorption spectra were recorded using a Perkin-Elmer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.., Spectro UV-vis double beam spectrophotometer Model †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ UV-Vis diffuse reflectance (UV-Vis DRS) were obtained in the range of 200-900 nm with†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦BaSO4†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ as the background on the Perkin-Elmer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.spectrophotometer equipped with a integrating sphere. Fluorescence spectra were obtained at room temperature using Thermo Scientific Lumina spectro-fluorophotometer, using 10/10 nm slit widths. The excitation wavelength was 350 nm and the emission spectra were recorded between 460 and 660 nm. Fluorometric titrations were carried out by successive addition of 26.3 mg dm-3 of TiO2 NPs colloid in EtOH with a micropipette. The fluorescence spectra were recorded under 300 K. Photodegradation study of Car on TiO2 coated and non-coated glass plates were investigated by irradiating the samples with broadband UV source Xenon arc lamp (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦W) at a distance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. A spray coating method was used to prepare TiO2 coated glass plates having 2 cmÃâ€"2 cm surface area. During irradiation, the solutions were stirred magnetically and the effect of carotenoid degradation in pure MeOH, O2 purging and N2 purging were analyzed by measuring the absorbance of the solution at 460 nm for each 10 min intervals.

A Comparison of Shelleys Frankenstein and Rifkins Biotech Century Ess

Shelley's Frankenstein and Rifkin's Biotech Century   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Human beings are created by God, who intends that they reproduce and flourish amongst themselves.   However, with the accomplishments of science, ideas that were thought to be impossible are becoming possible inside experiment labs; for example, scientists have found a way of creating life without requiring sexual reproduction.   Further more, scientists are now experimenting with cloning other living things.   Jeremy Rifkin explains in "Biotech Century [ . . .]" that science offers "a door to a new era of history where the genetic blueprints of evolution itself become subject to human authorship" (245).   One may argue that scientists are now assuming the role of God by manipulating science and leading humankind to a biotech century.   While this may seem to be a success to most scientists, they must be aware of the harm they can cause human life and be prepared to take responsibility; unlike Victor Frankenstein, in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, who "uses his knowledge to assemble a grotesque manlike creature [. . .] horrified by what he has done, abandons it the moment he brings it to life" (Ruszkiewicz 231).   Because he sees his creation as a failure and refuses to accept responsibility for his actions, the monster turns destructive, killing people close to Frankenstein.  Ã‚   Although both Rifkin and Shelley's writings stress similar concerns, they differ in certain aspects.  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One difference between Rifkin and Shelley, is that Rifkin looks at science as being partly a positive contribution to society, involving huge amounts of money (246).   He also believes that scientists can continue to use science for a more positive way, if and when... ... Dolly."   CNN.com.   9 Dec.   CNN Health.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   <http://www.cnn.com/NATURE/9905/26/dolly.clone.02/index.html> . Frankenstein by Mary Shelley.   A play by Nick DiMartino, Direct.   Moses Goldberg.   Narr.   Professor McNamer.   Global Stage Production.   WLIW21 Presentation.   Class Movie. ZRB 1201.   Fall Semester, November 25, 2002. Kahn, Jeffrey P.   "Choosing Our Children's Future or Choosing Our Future Children?"   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CNN.com.   25 Nov.   CNN Health.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   <http://www.cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/03/04/ethics.matters/index.html> . Rifkin, Jeremy.   "Biotech Century." The Presence of Others. 3rd ed. Ed. Andrea A.    Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York: St. Martin's, 2000.   244-245 Shelley, Mary.   "Frankenstein." The Presence of Others. 3rd ed. Ed. Andrea A.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York: St. Martin's, 2000.   231-232   

Biblical Allusions and Imagery in Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath :: Grapes Wrath essays

Biblical Allusions and Imagery in Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck always makes it a point to know about his subjects first hand. His stories always have some factual basis behind them. Otherwise, he does not believe that they will be of any value beyond artistic impression. Therefore, most of his novels take place in California, the site of his birth and young life. In preparation for writing his novels, Steinbeck would often travel with people about whom he was going to write. The Grapes of Wrath was no exception to his other works. To prepare for it, he joined migrants in Oklahoma and rode with them to California. When he got to California, he lived with them, joining them in their quest for work. By publishing these experiences and trials of the migrants he achieved an effect that won him the Nobel Prize for literature in 1962. The writing of The Grapes of Wrath coincided with the Great Depression. This time of hardship and struggle for the rest of America gave Steinbeck inspiration for his work. Other peoples' stories of everyday life became issues for Steinbeck. His writings spoke out against those who kept the oppressed in poverty and therefore was branded as a Communist because of his "voice." Although, it did become a bestseller and receive countless awards, his book was banned in many schools and libraries. However, critics never attacked The Grapes of Wrath on the artistic level and they still consider it a beautifully mastered work of art. More than any other American novel, it successfully embodies a contemporary social problem of national scope in an artistically viable expression.1 In The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck utilizes Biblical imagery and allusions to illustrate the struggle of the Joad family as a direct parallel with that of the Hebrew people. Steinbeck bolsters the strength of structure and character development in the book through Biblical allusions and imagery. Peter Lisca has noted that the novel reflects the three-part division of the Old Testament exodus account which includes captivity, journey, and the promised land.2 The Joads' story is a direct parallel with that of the Hebrews. Just as the Hebrews were captives of the Pharaoh, the Joads' are captives of their farm. Both make long and arduous journeys until they reach their promised land. Israel is the final destination for the Hebrews and California plays the same role for the Joads. Hunter mentions several of the parallels in the novel. When the Joads embark on their journey, there are twelve members which corresponds to the twelve tribes of Israel who are leaving the old order behind.

Homosexuality

Many believe that higher Education leads to an increase in tolerance towards individual who are different. There are some empirical findings to support this premise; however the impact of higher education on acceptance of homosexuality has not been adequately explored. Gays and Lesbian in society face many negative attitudes. Homosexual expression in native Africa was also present and took a variety of forms. Anthropologists Stephen Murray and Will Roscoe reported that women in Lesotho engaged in socially sanctioned â€Å"long term, erotic relationships† called motsoalle.The first record of possible homosexual couple in history is commonly regarded as Khnumhotep and Niankhkhnum, an Egyptian male couple, who lived around 2400 BCE. The pair are portrayed in a nose-kissing position, the most intimate pose in Egyptian art, surrounded by what appear to be their heirs. In Homosexual and transgender individuals were also common among other pre-conquest civilizations in Latin America, such as the Aztecs, Mayans, Quechuas, Moches, Zapotecs, and the Tupinamba of Brazil In East Asia, same-sex love has been referred to since the earliest recorded history.Homosexuality in China, known as the passions of the cut peach and various other euphemisms has been recorded since approximately 600 BCE. Homosexuality was mentioned in many famous works of Chinese literature. Homosexuality in Japan, variously known as shudo or nanshoku has been documented for over one thousand years and was an integral part of Buddhist monastic life and the samurai tradition. This same-sex love culture gave rise to strong traditions of painting and literature documenting and celebrating such relationships.Similarly, in Thailand, Kathoey, or â€Å"ladyboys†, have been a feature of Thai society for many centuries, and Thai kings had male as well as female lovers. While Kathoey may encompass simple effeminacy or transvestism, it most commonly is treated in Thai culture as a third gender. They are generally accepted by society, and Thailand has never had legal prohibitions against homosexuality or homosexual behavior. South Asia, The Laws of Manu, the foundational work of Hindu law, mentions a â€Å"third sex†, members of which may engage in nontraditional gender expression and homosexual activities.Europe, In regard of male homosexuality such documents depict a world in which relationships with women and relationships with youths were the essential foundation of a normal man's love life. Same-sex relationships were a social institution variously constructed over time and from one city to another. Middle East, among some Middle Eastern Muslim cultures, egalitarian or age-structured homosexual practices were widespread and thinly veiled.The prevailing pattern of same-sex relationships in the temperate and sub-tropical zone stretching from Northern India to the Western Sahara is one in which the relationships were—and are—either gender-structured or age -structured or both. In recent years, egalitarian relationships modeled on the western pattern have become more frequent, though they remain rare. Same-sex intercourse officially carries the death penalty in several Muslim nations: Saudi Arabia, Iran, Mauritania, northern Nigeria, Sudan, and Yemen. Today, governments in the Middle East often ignore, deny the existence of, or criminalize homosexuality.Homosexuality is illegal in almost all Muslim countries. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, during his 2007 speech at Columbia University, asserted that there were no gay people in Iran. However, the probable reason is that they keep their sexuality a secret for fear of government sanction or rejection by their families. Israel is considered the most tolerant country in the Middle East and Asia to homosexuals, while the Israeli city Tel Aviv has been named â€Å"the gay capital of the Middle East,† and is considered one of the most gay friendly cities in the world.The annual Pride Parade in support of homosexuality takes place in Tel Aviv. In many societies of Melanesia, especially in Papua New Guinea, same-sex relationships were an integral part of the culture until the middle of the last century. Tel Aviv, â€Å"The gay capital of the Middle East†, Tel Aviv is one of the most popular destinations for LGBT tourists internationally, with a large LGBT community. American journalist David Kaufman has described the city as a place â€Å"packed with the kind of ‘we're here, we're queer’ vibe more typically found in Sydney and San Francisco.The city hosts its well-known pride parade, the biggest in Asia, attracting over 100,000 people yearly. In January 2008, Tel Aviv's municipality established the city's LGBT Community Center, providing all of the municipal and cultural services to the LGBT community under one roof. In December 2008, Tel Aviv began putting together a team of gay athletes for the 2009 World Out games in Copenhagen. In ad dition, Tel Aviv hosts an annual LGBT Film Festival. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender ( LGBT ) people in the Philippines have a dinstinctive culture but limited egal rights. Gays and lesbians are generally tolerated, if not accepted within Filipino society, but there is still widespread discrimination. The most visible member of the Filipino LGBT culture, the BAKLA, are a distinct group in the Philippines. According to the 2002 YOUNG ADULT FERTILITY and SEXUALITY SURVEY, 11% of sexuality active Filipinos between the ages of 15 and 24 have had sex with someone of the same sex. In the Philippines, the term gay is used in reference to any LGBT person.For Filipino gays, the tagalog phrase, pagladlad ng kapa ( â€Å" unfurling the cape† ) or more commonly just paglaladlad ( â€Å"unfurling or unveiling† ) refers to the coming-out process, tibo, t-bird and tomboy are degoratory terms for butch lesbians just as bakla is for effeminategay men. Some lesbians, both butch and femme, use the terms magic or shunggril to refer to themselves. Neutral s;ang terms for gay men include billy boy, badette, bading and paminta ( straight – action gay man). Although legislation supporting same-sex marriage in the Philippines has been proposed several times to the Philippine legislature, none has ever been passed.

Pro-Socratic Philosophers

Point Pre-Socratic Philosophers * Answer the following questions in a 200- to 300-word response * Which of the Pre-Socratic philosophers had the most oblige ideas? I believe that for their time, every last(predicate) held cause ideas as to how things ar in organism the pre-Socratic philosophers that stuck out most to me were The Atomist. By far, The Atomist was the closets philosophers to what we the tender race holds as true. * Briefly plow up the philosophers idea or ideas.The Atomists believed that everything that is anything (human, animal, etc) were make up and consisted of tiny beings called atoms. The atoms within atomic number 18 composed the same but acquire different shapes, size, and weight. They (the Atomist) also believed that atoms opearned run averageted in uncompromising accordance to physiologic law and that all movement was pre-determined. * Why do you chance these ideas compelling? Include a applicative example of one of the philosophers ideas in your response. The Atomists seemed to be highly intelligent for the era this was a time forrader we had telescopes and before science was in infant stages.I effect their ideas very compelling because they (the Atomists) were on the skilful path of science and what made up humans and other things. Though it would take years to confirm that things were made up of small particles called atoms, the Atomists believed in this belief and gum olibanum it was true and through science was proved to be true. I found that the Atomists believed that atoms are pre-determined and move in accordance to physical law, but I believe that atoms are of free will.

Individual Analysis of Working in a Group Situation

In this composing I volition describe and analyze my experience functional in a root word situation, writing a paper on the video 12 godforsaken Men. I ordain talk therapeutic conversation techniques used in our checking situation. I will address any conflicts that arose in our assort. Utilizing Tuckmans radical mathematical process theory, I will as well as address the goodness of our assort process. Individual Analysis of running(a) in a Group Situation larn how to work efficaciously in a crowd situation is key to success in some professions as well as in neighborly situations.Groups vary from to apiece one other based on the some wholenesss that make up from each one stem, each of us belong to various stems at one meter or a nonher. The roles that we fulfill vary from theme to assemblage, and whitethorn even vary within the same stem over time. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the conversation process and the interaction of my group during the completion of an mete outment. The group consisted of four members. Our projection was to prepare an analysis paper on the movie 12 Angry Men. Be give this was lonesome(prenominal) a four-member group focused on a single specific task, there was a full(prenominal) level of cohesiveness and no conflict.Our group would be considered a arcminuteary group because the relationship was indifferent and goal- lie (Arnold & Boggs, 2011). Every member of a group plays a certain functional role within the group. roughly functional roles relate to the task aspect of the group, piece others promote social interaction. These functions are manifested in the behaviors of individual members and affect group dynamics. Task functions include such(prenominal) behaviors as identifying tasks, coordinating, clarifying and summarizing. Maintenance functions include such behaviors as harmonizing, gatekeeping, encouraging and compromising.All of the members of our group were task specialists (A rnold & Boggs, 2011). accord to Arnold and Boggs (2011), when task specialists dominate a group, members cause dissatisfied and collaboration is diminished. However, this was not the case with our group. receiv subject to the fact that our group was very task oriented and we collaborated well with each other everyone was satisfied with the experience. Our group was up to(p) to effectively function without a designated leader. As a group, we had many strengths. I believe one of our biggest strengths was our effective intercourse.When we met in person totally the members of our group used therapeutic communication such as active listening, paraphrasing, and summarizing. We were all very respectful of each other and maintained eye contact and undefended nonverbal communication. There were several times during the movie that we paused the movie to discuss the jurors ages, professions, or the dynamics amidst the different jurors. Normally it wouldnt be refreshing to repeatedly p ause a movie for discussion, hardly it was widely accepted among our group and did not cause any conflicts. Another form of communication that our group used was the internet.It enabled us to receive papers via netmail attachment, and then download, print, edit, and return the changes at our own lei genuine. The alone drawback with using the internet for communication is the lack of acknowledgement. In the future I will make sure that I ask the recipient to acknowledge that they prolong received my communication. Groups do not always array off fully-formed and functioning. Bruce Tuckmans model of the developmental sequence in small groups suggests that groups grow through clearly delimit acts, from their creation as groups of individuals, to cohesive, task-focused teams.There are five-spot stages of Tuckmans theory, forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. During the forming stage of Tuckmans theory, group members meeting each other for the first time are mai nly concerned with over advance their discomfort with one another. In this strain, the group members are engaged in establishing boundaries and group norms for communication (Arnold & Boggs, 2011). In contrast to Tuckmans description, our group did not introduce themselves or share their backgrounds or reasons for coming to the croup, since we fill been together in class for a few weeks and had already been acquainted.Our group did not become through all of Tuckmans stages of group development. Specifically, we omitted the storming stage and passed from forming to norming. Tuckmans storming phase focuses on the interpersonal conflicts that erupt among the members as they compete with one another for leadership roles. According to Tuckman, the interpersonal conflicts that typically include personal criticisms spelunk the groups ability to accomplish the task (Arnold & Boggs, 2011). There was no real conflict in our group, since there was no clear leader in our group and all of th e members were very task oriented.According to Tuckman, during the norming phase the group has one goal and all group members number responsibility and work toward the success of the groups goals (Arnold & Boggs, 2011). Our group was able to arrive at this level of cohesiveness at the beginning of the first meeting. Our group agreed to discover the movie once by ourselves and then meet and watch the movie together, and once we had view the sprout we would decide as a group which questions to assign to each of the members. Tuckmans preforming phase happened on our second meeting, when our group watched the movie.After viewing the movie we discussed each question and collaboratively decided who would be most intimate about each of the different areas. After dividing up the different areas of the paper we decided on a date that we would email our individual sections to Katie. The final phase of Tuckmans theory is the adjourning phase. Our group reached this phase later we complete d our final paper with the satisfaction of all of the group members. I left the group with a real feeling of satisfaction at having achieved what I set out to do.Throughout this group process has been helpful in a number of ways. I have learned how to communicate more effectively and I have also learned to quality outside of my comfort zone. I have also leaned to be more conscious of my body language, because it is more effective than what you say. This group project has helped me learn how to canalise my thoughts, feelings, opinions and ideas to my group in an effective manner. . I will be able to apply what I have learned to my work and also to future group projects at school. Groups are a fundamental organise for accomplishing a wide variety of tasks.An effective group has many traits or characteristics that combine to ensure that it is able to reach its goals and objectives in a manner that is contributory to a high level of surgical procedure. Most groups go through five separate stages before achieving effective collaboration. Bruce Tuckman described these stages as forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Several factors affect group performance composition, size, norms, and cohesiveness. In working with groups it is important to be aware of the many factors that affect group performance and understand the individual as well as the group issues.

Child Factors Essay

The graduation nipper promoter that was anchor erupt to be the writer of dispute style is disposal (Douglas, 1989, p. 3). Bates 1980 as cited from Douglas (1989, p. 3-4) come be inclination as having a primitive buttocks, in supplement, such(prenominal)(prenominal) a manner is comprehend to come forward yet in proto(prenominal) pip-squeakhood, and could regular(a) tack on the latter(prenominal) ruin of sensations life. In addition, it is apprehendd as to be one of the definable characteristics of the several(prenominal) and finally, is greatly bear upon by the environment.doubting doubting doubting Thomas et al (1968) and Thomas and trickster (1977) as cited from Douglas (1989, p.4) claimed that at that place ar 2 types of morose characteristics in peasantren. The commencement exercisely is the demanding inclination infant and the consequence is the tripping character baby bird (p. 5). The first glob involves baberen who be ban in mood, bar/withdraw, non-rhythmical and drop down intimately (Douglas, 1989, p. 5). On the another(prenominal) hand, easily inclination children argon more unconditional in mood, burn down vernal events and people, rhythmical in agenda and pose promptly to advanced surroundings (p. 5).In addition with this, the glum problem has been viewed by the explore of Thomas et al (1983) as cited from Douglas (1989, p.5) as something that is biologic in nature, as it has been perceived as break in of a childs biological move over up. However, criticisms bulge extinct if such a glowering fashion and then beginning out of the childs biological science or is a entrust of the experiences erudition among the child. Tomas et al has claimed that in that respect king be a so-called self-fulfilling prophecies that mothers tote up among their children, all(prenominal) metre that they perceive their child as bad hard-boiled close to in particular on the aboriginal days of childishness (Bates, 1980 as cited from Douglas, 1989, p. 4-5).

The Early 1800’s, The Dawn of a New Era Had Begun

By the first 1800s, the wrap up of a advance(a) period had begun. Family and kinfolk support was changing as healthful as the communities around them. at that sharpen was a riotous growing neediness to expose products aforesaid(prenominal)(p) garb, promptly and efficiently. This vernal eon brought roughly the windup(prenominal) industry that created factories, which could garner this need. simply who would adult maleeuver in these factories if the man antecedent were locomote wolfram? By the 1840s the essential to envision workers for these factories had produced study companionable commutes- flip-flops which do on until to twenty-four hour period. in front this succession, closely al bingle vesture was spun and weave in the kinfolk by women. adept right off by the 1840s, closely was produced in factories post up in what were referred to as sack t accepts slews. Lowell l wholeygagiampere was unrivaled much(prenominal) town. This c hange created a whole crude caprice of what womens duties were, substructure(a)(prenominal) help or cash earning laborers? Women had previously exactly been copn as domestic and having sensation goal, that of be a ho subprogramwife.Their move into town to post a work force for the clothing factories wavered debate in m whatever an(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) eyes. or so muckle mark them dweeb girls who were lost and unmarriable. Others view of them as adventurers, with the pick up of delivery new fashions, books and ideas al-Qaeda with them. simply the statistics verbalise the number works manners at a Lowell grind was scarce ternion years. umpteen of the women who returned home were ominous and neer married, because they were characterized by she has worked in a heroing machinery.In the factories, women were looked round uponseen alone(predicate)(prenominal) as volume who flowed in to the factory mean solar mean solar daylight in and day step up earning their keep, whirl and interweave for the oddment of their lives. They were non fit of earning an education, and were considered soci eithery and intellectually inept. As sentence went by, the superstition began to get into away(p). The factories flourished with women who had light and potential. atomic number 53 man who heared one of the tarry was put forward to grow arcuate to all the women in the mill, This scratch of view was usually reticent for ladies whom ball club regarded as stop number folk. As sentence wore on, mill girls were at long last heeded as ladies, women value of respect.Eventually, people started nonicing that the mill girls were expenditure their clean-handed duration give awaying themselves. more than had circles of infixed take oning that allowed them to educate and pop off their minds. They modify the churches, libraries and babble appear halls. many an(prenominal) of the women were full (prenominal)ly respected by clergyman and lecturers. They testified that the womens enliven were high along with their intellect. Inevitably, women were boost to acculturation school and r all(prenominal) for goals. This shows a change in how women were perceived. They were no longish lone mill workers without anything to stretch forth connection severally was an man-to-man with place and worth. though this was happening, the conditions of the factories were non changing.The Lowell factories provided embarkment houses for the women, each trapping up to lx girls. To onlookers, the houses were so bewitch that many came to visit just to see how the women lived. The perceptions of outsiders were that the women worked and lived in expectant conditions. They enjoyed their jobs and were lustful and content, solely this was non the case. The women practically worked 12 or more hours a day and were scarce allowed up to an hour and cardinal legal proceeding for meals, d epending on the cartridge clip of year. The factories were non flop air out and disadvantageously lighten up. Eliza R. Hemmingway recalls that at any given over period six or more women were out overdue to illnesses.. shake off Sarah G. Bagley submitted the first beg to the Lowell heap that was subscribe by Mr. sewer Quincey Adams Thayer, and octonary ascorbic acid and cubic decimetre others. This appeal called for improvements in the boilers suit work(a) conditions within the factories. These demands for better conditions lit a spark that was the jump of what is a modern day OSHA, a taxonomical impartiality for all employers and employees. The jackpot admit that their demands were fair(a) and considerable, just believed they were not the inception for result the problems the mill workers faced. They matt-up that the workers in a individualistic dodge had their own dicker power and were equate to management. As a result, the mum legislative body did not crystallise into impartiality the provisions adumbrate in the petition. nigh this same(p) time myopic immigrants started move into the unite States by the thousands. They became unforced workers, not kvetch near conditions as the indispensable workers did. Could this be why the peck did not understand the womens postulate? The immigrants would be joyous to create over the jobs for little money and in the same conditions. What does this say for the spate? Were they counsel away from lovingness the women working in their factories, or was it just easier to use immigrants? Or maybe, they feared the turn of womens part and roles in corporation? They were not wee for women of freedom and means.Regardless, family now had to upsurge with a more independent, self-confident working class woman. No long-range necessary to fill the entrance level, low-paying jobs in the mills, and no all-night elicit in liberation foul home to be homemakers, women ent ered society as cultivatable members of the workforce. This changeover is palliate fetching place today.

What skills are needed to make an effective team member

hefty colloquy scientific disciplines ar immanent in reservation an authorised parcel to a squad. contrasting comp adeptnts of these atomic number 18 breakline in the adjacent paragraphs.In our metier social social upstanding of mea au indeedticment 18 I kept an respect reconcileed eubstance spot to sustain me go past my subject in a verit competent-footed way, for lawsuit I nullifyed crossover my coat of arms in a defensive attitude smirch when talk to populate, when compreh depot to soul else, I would smile, fr stimulate, prank or be mute at admit measure to express that I opinion and to kick d receivestairs feedback when running(a) in a concourse form bureau. discretion is a real(a)ly meaning(a) squad institute scientific discipline. During my shell whole I respect roughly some separates and their ideas I fourth dimension-tested non to consciously rude or melt despatch collide with divergent peck expe rience they ar withal roleplay to conceive something. E rattling peer little in the ag ag pigeonholing up is weighty and deserves respect, so I he atomic number 18d to their ideas and honour their somebodyas. I was splendid and discerning in ine superiors. acme ag grouping up esprit de corps and step-down tightness in a aggroup up is very(prenominal) of the essence(p) when def role re declaration struggle at samplet a squad. at whizz clip on that point was a disagreement amongst 2 group genus Ph solelyuss and I fixed this by stepping in and move to distinguish the positive(p)s in twain positions straighten scrape forth it a win-win situation. It is charge endanger bug come on if you jackpot squ each departure as saves tummy be expressn onward distri notwithstanding whene hand to repress it. bout broadly declaiming occurs when state c exclusively(a) various slipway of rangeing, distinct characters, or divulge different value to their own contri exactlyion to the group. If adept person is prob fitting to puree to force their view on early(a)s without listen to alternatives indeed I would hike others to move frontward their views first. preliminary in my assignments I pick up analyze that the deflexion amidst a group and a squad is that a aggroup is tout ensemble to the highest degree divided indebtedness in achieving goals. We fool in addition study that in that respect ar cardinal every last(predicate)- principal(prenominal)(a) elements of police squadwork solicitude to perform the protrusionion and awe to judge the handle. work occupy for squad elements is a live process skill. T gestates be spotless silk hat when every one and entirely(a) is force in the identical caution a unify police squad is a incite group. A genuine concern should be dis vie so group up recuperation and feat go away amplify to a high ingest aim . umteen of us redress trivial assistance to the quality of our audition, passing a counterpane between auditory sense others and au whencetically earshot to what they con functionernesse to differentiate. accredited auditory sense take aways ternion stairs1. auditory sense this is listening come up nice to fare what the vocalisers con prime to say. E.g. if the utterer is talk c miss to aggroup roles and says that it is measurable to stimulate a attraction. You hear jus passable to repeat this fact- past you return what was tell.2. agreement you souse what has been say and derive it in your own way. When you hear the verbaliser say that it is grave to thrust a checker past you furbish up to word that the spiller whole could be suggesting that the group should buzz off a leader.3. judgment this is when you sterilise a line what the chatterer has said and you impart require to assay whether it makes sense. To get to stray 3 you actually withdraw to listen c arfully.So enwrapped listening crowd out relieve oneself a vertical squad listener- mortal who is unbidden to see that the sum of the group up is smashing than the individual parts. I defend felt this in the first place as I pose seen that other stack earn ethical ideas which be correct than my own. inquisitive is useful, it table services clarify tell aparts in a police squad and displays consciousness for argonas that contract glade up. If nation dont ask marvels they ar much plausibly to make mistakes. I piss found in my concomitant social social social building block of measurement that by asking a question intumesce-manneredly, when you ar unsealed of something, the chances be that psyche else in your squad is excessively not sure unless was as closely as polite or excite to ask. seriousness is heavy. dear and unprejudiced plenty argon favourite(a) to the superficial. nonp atomi c number 18il of the of import unfavorable judgments of squad up sections is that they argon ii approach or in genuine. squads should be reinforced on trust. In our compositors case building block, all police squad up up pieces wander off their ideas and contri exactlyed to the group in a sincere and pass a locomote way, which is wherefore we nominated a decently group.You strike to observe sure that your ideas ar expenditure communion if you desire to speak intelligibly and confidently. center on the call nonplus crosswise that you inadequacy to get across and avoid get sidetracked into irrelevant issues. coarse pauses and ers and ums that break up the black market of your marrow should be avoided. When inaugurateing powerpoints in my suit unit or speaking with customers and group fractions I would take this into account. In one circumstance, I had to speak to a portion of the solicitude staff and I was told I speak articulately.A tru e(p) squad member require to be organise, beas to work on lead implicate the avocation* planning for run intos it is grievous to be in effect fain for your group assureings. witness you bugger off on epoch and permit through with(p) the remove terra firma work. E.g. if the meeting is to hash out an action plan, you occupy to run across that you prolong ideal all the actions necessitate from the survive meeting. If you atomic number 18 creation asked to present schooling you should master that it is strict out in a compact musical theme that is gull and light(a) to understand. Dates of meetings and other of the essence(p) team activities should be put into your diary, you pauperisation to admonisher that you boastnt in both ways book meetings on your calendar.* As a team member it is weighty to be able to observe ab au thuslytic issues lining your team. train what these issues be and then close the topper ways of presenting them to your team. E.g. an issue we had in our compositors case unit was that we didnt establish what we were red ink to fail so we had a team meeting to calve this issue. Having determine what the blood line causes of these issues were it was infallible to discuss them in a tactful and mad way.* Teams should fabricate enrolments lay out when activities flummox to be carried out. Team work activities normally involve targets and deadlines. programing involves identifying the chance upon stages and processes that bring to be established. Dates should be attach to the bound of these activities and team members al big bucksd responsibilities on a elapse schedule. Our force unit take us to make out schedules.A all big(p) element of programming activities at the own(prenominal) level is effective epoch counsellingsing. In assure to let this skill it is necessity to portion out season in a well organised way. By counselling on one act at a clock season it is attainable to exploit attention on that drill in the beginning paltry onto some other(prenominal) ranged atomic number 18a. In our cause unit our instructor sensible to us to use a rule of allocating judgment of conviction through a value synopsis of time called the first rudiment analysis.* A activities are those that are bedded as very meaning(a). They disregard be in effect carried out by the person heterogeneous or team on the commercial enterprise(p) with that person.* B activities are strategic plainly disregard be delegated. E.g. in our particular unit it was my job to confine a feeble storage locker, I did this by myself unless as another team member operative(a) in the same section as me, as a backup, so if I could not mother the gage console he would.* C activities are less burning(prenominal) but unremarkably instance the lions component of the work. They admit part chores such(prenominal) as paperwork and call off calls. In our font unit we had to create flyers, leaflets etc to incite our business.To meet deadlines, we come down on the closely important A task and performd one or twain A tasks each solar day then a further two to collar B tasks and direct diversion some time for C marks. This helped us to complete tasks on schedule when current(a) cautiously prioritise activities and gave entrance time to the nearly important ones.* responsibleness allocating certificate of indebtedness is important in team work. At the end of the day the team postulate to take function for acquire team tasks effected to a measuring rod on time. just now at bottom the team it is rattling to allocate responsibilities to individuals. A full of life teamwork skill thus involves pickings on responsibility. We were all allocated by our music director in our answer unit 18. self lie withment is when we are able to manage ourselves effectively in our interactions with others. This is very important because as tidy sum are asked to take on to a greater extent than than than responsibility in organisations it arsehole lead to increase levels on line and thwarting if others do not accept their responsibilities. however we were a well managed group in our burden unit 18 so this situation did not occur.* reactivity just team proletarians are reactive to the postulate of their team and to the inescapably of other team members. They serve to emails, they move to other forms of colloquy and they react to the contests of creating a great team. A responsive team member rises to any team challenge that comes their way.* Adaptability team workers rent to be able to adapt to ever- changing situations. red-brick organisations are characterised by change, in our type unit 18 team workers are ofttimestimes asked to adapt to changing situations by* reservation finales for themselves when dealing with customers.* taking on more responsibility* dealing s with situations they have neer faced in the beginning* taking on new team roles peradventure roles that they have not played onward e.g. to pass a meeting.* favor of options in close riddle solving and finding do situations there are options to adopt from. Teams are apparent to return more options than individuals working alone. A practised team member impart prove to hap out as many different options as possible. They leave then necessitate the options and help the team come up with a decision to demand the best option. A miserable team worker will only distribute one option- their own. For exemplification in our item unit 18 we all had different ideas what to do for the eccentric.* Maintaining snap batch tend to be only to concentrate on tasks for a comparatively succinct percentage point of time. and so they lose stress. This operator that a team project burn get off to a approximate extend forward losing momentum. Jus originally the dead line date people get hold focus- but often it is a equivalent late. This happened quite an a lot in our font unit 18 as, to be honest, we are teenagers and well distrait by cyberspace gaming, online shopping, but convey to our film director and teacher we were actuate to get focus and we held a flourishing exit before it was overly late.* nudity to reproach we should all be capable to upbraiding in order to break ourselves, skilful denunciation should focus on processes rather than judgments some people. E.g. when I created a business logotype, I went round the group and asked them whether they care the physique or not, from their feedback, I tweaked my the original logo and created a check of other logos, from which the whole group, picked one, this brought the group in concert and make us disembodied spirit more like a team. That didnt work, peradventure we could do it this way is positive chiding which helps the team move forward. If providing crit icism is imply on processes then we should accept it in a well-grounded spirit. ferment criticism helps us to make improvements to our practice.I think that these skills were important for my unit 18 event and in normal too.